2. WTFR- The General and the Showgirl

Antonina Speaks – a fiction

A dramatic monologue for an older actress. I meant to capture Antonina in a 10 minute performance but she is such a rich character that I kept going. There are a lot of beat changes and I hope to have written a vehicle to show off an actress’ range from high status to low as well as the breadth of experience of this fascinating woman’s life – burlesque dancer/wanton, patrician, mother, schemer, murderess, lover, indispensable wife and adulteress.

As a performance piece it can go over a minimum of 10, 15 or 20 minutes but stopping at these points. Of course, to realize this in live performance an actress adept at using silence together with the natural process of transferring the written word to the stage, may see the piece run longer. The time estimates are based on my own audio rendition of it which are placed in italics through the text at the closest natural finish.

Historical notes to follow in a separate blog post.

Enjoy.

William Etty's, Candaules, King of Lydia shews his wife of as she goes to bed to Gyges, one of His Ministers, 1830, Public Domain.
William Etty’s, Candaules, King of Lydia shews his wife of as she goes to bed to Gyges, one of His Ministers, 1830, Public Domain.

Theodosius, you take my breath away. You know, you do. You know you are unique, don’t you? Unique and precious and indispensable. Dear, dear boy. Tell me again, how I drive you wild with the wanting of me, all of me, all of my luxurious, ample, self – how my breasts were made to be cupped in your palms and my round, ripe, bottom the soft, easy, handle of the stirrup for your ride. Ride and ride and ride. This is why I invite you to my bath. I can’t get enough of you – your energy, your boldness, your vitality, your desire to please me, pleasure me: come for me, relish in my experience. Let me teach you the fringe benefits I learnt in burlesque.

Theodosius, what a fitting name – God’s gift. Yes, you are. God’s gift to me. Come suckle at my breast once again.

Theodosius? Why do you shrink away? Who frightens you? Come back!

Hello. Hello. Who approaches? Who dares?

Lucia! I said we were not to be disturbed. Who? Soldiers? Flavio? Here? Now? He is supposed to be with his army in the East.

Perfume! Now. Strong perfume! Hurry! And Lucia, do not let him in here until I am ready to receive him. Go, quickly.

He mustn’t suspect.

The fool.

What is he doing back so early? I sent missives that I would be heading out at month’s end. Someone has been in his ear. It couldn’t be Constantine this time. Silencing him was a trifling afternoon well spent. The egotist, thinking he could besmirch me, to Flavio. If I could bring down the Pope with a little diplomatic entanglement what challenge was a boy masquerading as a Byzantine General?

Hmm. Perhaps it was one of the bond-slaves, but who? After the example I made of poor, timid, little Macedonia? May the snitch spend eternity searching for her tongue in Hell.

Breathe, Antonina, breathe. Flavio worships you. When have you failed at turning the head of that simpleton? I should have suspected the softness of what that armour enclosed. I thought I was marrying a god, a famous general, a champion of the people – victorious in the East – rich in the plunders of war – baron of his own making. And what did I get? The armour of a warrior hiding a simpering soul, abject, apologetic, forgiving, god-fearing servant of Christ ready to run back at my beck and call.

Sh! Listen. Can you hear it? Footsteps. A weighted tread. Still in armour?

Photi! Is your step-father here too?

 No? Flavio couldn’t get away?

Oh, what a shame.

But you did. Just look at you. Were you in such haste to see me that you left the battlefield fully armed? Photi? Is there a coup going on in the capital and no one’s told me?

Smile. I’m teasing you. Why so dour? Aren’t you pleased to see your Mama? Come here and take my hands. Put that spear down, you could poke an eye out with it.

My eye. I hope that’s not your point? My darling son, is it?

Of course, not. My boy, how I’ve missed you.

What? Where’s Theodosius? Why he’s here, in Constantinople. I’m not privy to his every movement. Why do you ask? You’ll see him soon I’m sure.

Now, I will not have you wearing armour in the house. Not in the capital

You need a bath. The water hasn’t gone cold. I’ll leave you to it and see you in the dining hall. We’ll have a suckling pig to celebrate your arrival. Ioannina will be so excited to see her big brother and hear all your news.

Now really, you must bathe. I’ll not have you… Photius where are you going?

I told you Theodosius isn’t here. Come back. Stop banging doors. What do you mean he has to answer to Flavio?

In what way, in God’s Name, has Theodosius offended Flavio? Don’t look at me with  accusing eyes. What have I done to offend? Well, speak up. Out with it. Tell me my sin. Blasphemy? In God’s Name… Really? Again? You’ve travelled a thousand stades to tell me to watch my tongue?

Oh, Flavio wills me to return with you to the East at the end of the week? First you have business with Theodosius?

Well, he’s not here. Whatever you are holding against him, resolve it before dinner. I’ll not have you ruining your welcoming feast.

On second thoughts, go. Go and wash in the Bath of Zeuxippus. I’ll not have you muddy my water. May the waters of Zeus cleanse your ungrateful, sanctimonious soul.

Mosaic of Justinian and court in the Church of San Vitale Ravenna
Mosaic of Justinian and court in the Church of San Vitale Ravenna. Belisarius stands to our left of Justinian with the eunuch Narses on between Justinian and the Bishop of Ravenna, Maximianus Public Domain.

Devil take them both – father and step-son – traitor son. He’s my boy. Flavio had no part in his making but he’s made the boy his creature. Treats him like his own. Favours and shields him on the battlefront. He’s making him soft in his own image. A true believer. The boy disdains his own mother in favour of Flavio the faithful, the warrior, the benevolent, the pious soft cock.

Flavio actually believes all that religious tripe he spouts, “The alliance of God follows those who put justice forward.” He doesn’t just pray before a battle, he fasts and he expects the men to follow his example.

What? No alcohol! Try telling that to his Huns! The fool did, and then had to kill a couple of them for insubordination. Ha!  How Christianly is that? Ok, so manslaughter amongst the ranks can’t go unpunished – but really, that’s what Huns do – get drunk and kill each other. If he doesn’t like it then hire different mercenaries – surely they aren’t the only warriors to handle a bow on the back of a horse?

Some …may blame me. But I’m not the cause of his officer’s insubordination. He knew what I was when he married me … and forgave me, as good Christians do.

He never asked if I wanted to be forgiven.

No, I’m not to blame for the paucity of his officers’ respect. I know the temperature of his men, personally. Have I not followed him into every theatre of war, thus far? He should look to his strictures over them. The fool prohibits his men their due – plunder should always follow victory. Emperor Justinian tarries with their salaries, and then Flavio reprimands their plundering. Hasn’t someone told him that that is what soldiers do after a siege – sack the city, take its riches, humble it!

He’ll need an act of God to prevent them raiding for their spoils in Persia. Persia’s no small theatre of war bounded by sea nor hemmed intro a strip by desert. Am I to be accused of sleeping with every Roman soldier that faces Khusro?

(c. 10 mins)

But Flavio is the Great Belisarius, the protector of the people – the shepherd who has brought Carthage and Italy back into the fold – resurrecting the Roman Empire of old, the Catholic West rejoining the Byzantine East. He could be more than a mere general but he denies his ambition.

Don’t think he hasn’t any. Why else did he sup on Vittigis’ table, sitting in Vittigis’ throne and wearing his barbarian crown? Vittigis saw it, as I did and as did the men. He sat there. The sceptre was on his table. His highly effective fighting militia flanked him at the feast – taking their places like noblemen, unable to claim a permanent seat. Those spoils were for Justinian to mete out. Where was the victory for them? Instead, the great and honourable Belisarius denied them and like a monk retreating from the world denied himself and denied me, my due.

Theodora and her court ladies and chaplain/eunuchs
Theodora and her court ladies and chaplain/eunuchs from the mosaic in San Vitale Ravenna. Antonina is said to be on our right of the Empress. Edisonblus / CC BY-SA (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0)

You see, I deserve to be Empress. I’d be a great Empress. A brave Empress. The crown would finish my coiffure just as well – no, better than hers! My eyes would twinkle like living jewels between the crown’s tresses of pearls that would frame my face? And my face – so more deserving of the honour than Theodora’s clumsy nose and owlish eyes. How can she do those gems justice when my face would draw a better picture ensconced in that crown?

A pity she hooked Justinian before I did -that whitewashed palace-boy, timid of his own shadow. Who would have thought he could survive as Emperor? He should have gone down in the riots. Who is he but the nephew of a usurping pig-farmer peasant-emperor? Poor Hypatius was the rightful heir.

He was relegated to the role of diplomat, couldn’t control an army in his dreams, shivers at the thought of combat – I should know – he talked in his sleep.

Justinian thanked God for his mercy during the riots – but really he should have lit a candle to Belisarius’ perversity – who wouldn’t take the crown when it’s there for the taking? His army in the capital raring to go – so close to the palace. The people were rising and the Emperor was preparing a ship to slink away in defeat.

No. My husband swore an oath of loyalty to his Emperor before his God.

What about his loyalty to me? He would save the people of the former empire but would massacre our own in the Hippodrome. My people – my city- my confederates – my family -in my Hippodrome. Were not my father and grandfather the best charioteers in the city? Did my brother not compete? Did I not learn to dance alongside Theodora there? Did the great Belisarius have to massacre all of the trapped rioters – all of my people whose life the Hippodrome defined? He wasn’t husband enough to save them.

He wasn’t husband enough to give me the crown I deserve. Theodora should be kissing the hem of my robes, yet here I am subject to her bidding. Theodora – too squeamish to carry out her own commands. She could never do what I have done.

Detail of Empress Theodora and her Court ladies from the mosaics in the Church of San Vitale, Ravenna
Detail of Empress Theodora and her Court ladies from the mosaics in the Church of San Vitale, Ravenna. Antonina is directly next to the Empress and her Ioannina, the daughter of Antonina and Belisarius is next to her.
Edisonblus / CC BY-SA (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0)

Did I not dispose of Silverius, the Vicar of Christ? Theodora charged us with this duty for the protection she offers Flavio. “Get rid of that priest, “she commanded, “He offers impediments to my Justinian’s vision.” Flavio was mortified. He could not believe that she would go so far.

Not Silverius. Not the Pope. Sacrilege.

Pope Silverius. Public Domain.https://picryl.com/media/silverius-papa-c4fa0b

Flavio would defend the Church to the point of stupidity, weakening his forces, fragmenting his army marching north, compromising his strength to answer the call for aid from every insignificant priest who appealed to him. There was no way that he could bring about the death of the Pontif. Not even to unite the Church.

No, the shirker, the weakling, false man. Even the eunuch Narses has more balls.

He left the Pope to me.

I had to keep us in Justinian’s good graces.

I had to order the men to find witnesses to accuse Silverius of betraying our forces to the Goths.

I manoeuvred Silverius to stand trial.

When the wind blew in Silverius’ favour, I was the one to poison his cup. So simple, so difficult for Flavio.

He couldn’t choose his emperor over his god. The coward. He couldn’t put his immortal soul on the line but he didn’t mind if his wife did.

 And I did.

I sacrificed my soul.

(15-16 mins)

Let me go to perdition, then how would he survive? He thanked me for it afterwards but what are a few clumsy kisses from a man positioned to be Emperor who can’t even seize the day when it’s handed to him? He took Sicily and Naples in his stride on the way to the Pincian Palace in Rome where he ran the campaign for a year and then he was handed Ravenna with the Gothic crown… and he grasped it with both hands… and gave it to Justinian.

Such an exasperating fool. And I pandered to him…

Shall I prepare for your triumph Flavio? Shall I make ready for a feast? Flavio? No? What? Chastised and sent to fight the Persians?

Don’t go Flavio. The atmosphere is torpid in the capital. It will only change when a fresh gust surges through the palace. A gust that will blow away the discontent and leave a new emperor on the throne. They are calling for you. Byzantium needs a strong military man on the throne. One who has seen the extent of the empire and knows its people and their needs. A hero who will be respected – who reunited the empire with his own sweat. My hero. My husband. My lover. My king.

No, No you’re not a simple soldier. Don’t make me laugh. You, are a great tactician. The way you sum up the enemy on the battlefield you can sum up the senate just the same.

No? Then let me tell you how it will go. We will have the support of the people – they worship you and despise Justinian and his taxes and his laws, and the support of the Patricians – John the Treasurer is preparing to fund a revolution – why let it be someone else when it could be you? You have the alliance of God.

Flavio? Where are you going? Sheath your sword. Justinian can wait. He’s no fool. He won’t think you are behind any of this, I will see to it. Go face Khusro’s army, far away from the city. When you are deep in battle I will take care of matters. No one will ever think you were involved in any coup. I will tell Theodora. We will set a trap for the treasurer. Justinian will never suspect you. Leave me in the capital to manage matters.

Come away East and don’t get involved? Really, Flavio, I think it better if I stayed. I could be of better use to you here.

The East is safe enough away from the capital? Yes, but…

Is there another reason why I don’t want to come with you?

Truth be told, I’m tired, Flavio.

I’m tired of sieges and living on horseback and eating dust – dragging my children from one end of the empire to the other. They are not all like my Photi to follow in your footsteps. Ioannina will need a husband. Your godson, Theodosius, is too fragile for life in the saddle, too sensitive for the rumours of your men – their innuendo. It’s hurtful – too dreadful to think about. The accusations, the jeering behind his back. It hurts me Flavio. Am I not a faithful wife? Have I not stood through all of your campaigns the sounding board of your most private thoughts? Have I not organised and ordered your water and supplies? Have I not spoken for you, of your concerns to Theodora?

And now you don’t trust me to stay in the Capital.

No, no, I’m not crying. You don’t understand me. Of course I am not as young as you are. You don’t understand. But you will never understand, never having children, how a woman’s body is ravaged by child birth. I haven’t the will to go east another time. I can’t do it right now. Please Flavio, take pity on my situation, my health

Yes, maybe I’ll feel better if I tarry in the Capital. Have therapeutic baths, wait on Theodora in the Palace. I’ll see about finding Ioannina a most suitable husband.

What did you say?

Find a bride for Theodosius?

He is old enough to form a marital alliance.

Release him from our household? Oh, but I couldn’t right now, he relieves my wilted spirit. He is such a comfort to me. Take Photius. Leave young Theodosius with me. We will follow in a few weeks when I am feeling rejuvenated.

Fool!

But why does he send me Photius, now? What’s Flavio’s envious little shadow up to? Why has he left his father’s side? Why does he seek Theodosius?

Has Flavio woken up?

Will I be reduced to begging his mercy?

No, I think not.

Perhaps… Procopius is right. Perhaps, I really am a witch.

(over 21 mins)

Ioannina, Belisarius and Fort Ioannina

Belisarius the beggar? What’s going on? Wasn’t he the last great Roman General- the first great Byzantine General? Didn’t he amass riches from the spoils of war and retire comfortably on his estate, Rufinianae, Chalcedon? What are these 18th Century Neoclassicist painters on about? What medieval rumour that Justinian blinded and beggared him before restoring him to his good graces?

Belisarius, a Byzantine general reduced to begging on the street, recognized by a Roman soldier,Francois-Andre Vincent, 1776
Belisarius, a Byzantine general reduced to begging on the street, recognized by a Roman soldier, Francois-Andre Vincent, 1776, Public Domain

When rumours persist for centuries I can’t help thinking that there is a kernel of truth that has sprouted into a tree camouflaging it. Apparently nothing concrete survives to prove the tale. Wikipedia tells us that in 562 CE – 3 years before his death – Belisarius was trialed by a man called Procopius in Constantinople for conspiring against Justinian. His judge could well have been his former legal secretary. Belisarius would be found guilty, imprisoned, pardoned and restored to Imperial favour. The details are missing from my source – Wikipedia – perhaps they are missing from history. The rise and fall of his fortunes in this incident echo the tempestuous nature of Justinian’s opinion of Belisarius.

Jean Francois Pierre Peyron's Belisarius receiving hospitality from a peasont who served under him, 1779
Jean Francois Pierre Peyron’s Belisarius receiving hospitality from a peasont who served under him, 1779, Public Domain

There is much that we know and much that we don’t about Belisarius. A period in his biography intrigues me, from 548-9CE until 559CE. Apparently he was retired from field duty. Early in this period he returned to service in Justinian’s personal guard – according to Wikipedia. What I can’t digest is that he could stand around immobile, a beefeater in court, while battles were being waged on the field. To hear and not participate? How?

Mattia Preti, Belisarius receiving Alms, 1660-1665
Mattia Preti, Belisarius receiving Alms, 1660-1665. Public Domain

Was he injured in his last campaign? Did the re-emergence of the plague catch up with him and weaken him? Did Justinian beggar him in reality? What happened to his buccellari – his personal cavalry?

In his scuttlebutt of a Secret History, Procopius recounts Belisarius’ failure to shield his only daughter, Ioannina, from the vagrancies of loss of reputation. Apparently, while Belisarius and Antonina were away in Italy fighting Justinian’s wars, Theodora took it upon herself to marry her grandson, Anastasius to Ioannina. She did this out of avarice – to ensure Belisarius’ fortune reverted in some way to the crown. Procopius intimates it was the only way she found of bringing Belisarius abundant spoils from Africa and Italy into her control.

A mash up of two different mosaics in the Basilica of San Vitale in Ravenna – from left to right Belisarius, Emperor Justinian, Empress Theodora, Antonina and Ioannina using Public Domain images

Antonina saw through Theodora’s motives and railed against the marriage, pursuing a divorce/separation for her daughter. Splitting up the couple, who it seems had co-habited, would ruin Ioannina’s reputation and therefore her chances of remarrying and having children – and for Belisarius, grandchildren. When called upon to give his opinion on the matter, Belisarius sided against Theodora – his apparent benefactor- and his daughter’s future, to support Antonina.

Coupling this story with the building of a fort, known as Ioannina about 200km west of the Empire’s soon-to-be second city, Thessaloniki, sout-west of Belisarius’ birthplace, Germania, modern day Bulgaria, and far enough away from the jealousy/paranoia-stricken Justinian’s capital, casts a beam of light into my conjectures on how Belisarius could have calmly rested in his suburban estate in the eastern outreaches of Constantinople when there was so much activity in the field. He didn’t.

What if Belisarius retired to the country near the Bulgars’ playground during his retirement from field duty?

Maps made with Scribble Maps utilising data from Google maps.

Procopius doesn’t name the fortress Ioannina but describes the site of the present day ruins on Lake Pamvotis (Pamvotida) in his De Aedficius IV.1.39-42:

“There was a certain ancient city in this region, abundantly supplied with water and endowed with a name worthy of the place; for it was called Euroea from ancient times. Not far from this Euroea a lake spreads out with an island. In its midst upon which rises a hill. And a break is left in the lake just large enough so that a kind of approach to the island remains. The Emperor moved the inhabitants of Euroa to the island to this place, built a very strong city and put a wall about it.”

http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Procopius/Buildings/4A*.html

To date, the fortress of Ioannina on the bank of Lake Pamvotida in Epirus hasn’t verified with relics, nor have other textual references verified, a Byzantine habitation for Justinian’s time. Ancient Greek civilization, yes. A textual reference from Basil II in the 10th Century, yes. Norman occupation by Bohemond of Taranto in the 11th Century- yes. A strong Ottoman history, yes. Justinian’s time – No.

The island in Lake Pamvotida (Pamvotis) just across from Fortress Ioannina, Photo credit:https://pixabay.com/images/id-1040298/Image by Ελευθέριος Μπέτσης from pixabay.com

Rereading the above quote, I have to ask, could it be that archaeologists have misunderstood the location of Justinian’s fort? To me, it seems that they should be looking on the island in the lake, not the fort on the lakeside. The island may not have a land approach today, but it seems as if it did in the 6th Century CE. Strategically, the lake forms a natural moat. I could imagine Belisarius retiring there as easily as I could imagine Theodora naming the new fort for the girl she was enticing to marry her grandson.

In any case, I know where I would be unpacking my metal detector if I happened to visit Ioannina. After a short ferry ride, of course.

Historical Notes – The General and the Showgirl

When I first imagined writing a monologue for Antonina, I wanted her to have her say – to answer the character assassination she suffers at the hand of contemporary historian, Procopius, her husband’s legal secretary. I believed she was being exploited, a scapegoat. I wanted to redeem her.

If a woman in the ancient world owned her sexuality and didn’t hide it away, enjoyed the effect her allure had on men and used it to gain her favours over the target male’s more rational denial of them, then she must be a witch. If a woman broke the stereotype that bound her sex to society’s strictures and demonstrated her intellect and cunning, then, of course she was a witch.

Procopius references Aristophanes several times in the telling of the portion of his Secret History that has been called The Tyranny of Women. He is known for his emulation of Homer. In his treatment of Antonina could it then follow that he owed much to Euripides and his Medea?

To fill out her character I consulted her Wikipedia page and hit a road block. Apparently Procopius wasn’t alone in his treatment of her memory. Two other historian’s related details of the death of Pope Silverius that implicate her.

 I had to rethink Procopius’ account.

Procopius knew her. He spent time with her as well as her husband. He may not have been privy to the private thoughts of Antonina and Belisarius but he was close enough to observe them and the officers and soldiers who reported to Belisarius.

Detail of Empress Theodora and her Court ladies from the mosaics in the Church of San Vitale, Ravenna
Detail of Empress Theodora, Antonina and Court ladies from the mosaics in the Church of San Vitale, Ravenna. Public Domain

My new understanding of her was as a manipulator. A woman capable of great evil given her proximity to the Empress Theodora. As Theodora’s right hand she played the spy and facilitator of Theodora’s calculated manoeuvrings.

But that’s not all she was.

Pertinent facts about Antonina’s life can be debated that once clarified would shed light on her relationship with Belisarius, Theodora and Procopius.

We are led to believe that she married Belisarius after his bountiful but not exactly successful raids into Persarmenia in 527CE. About that time Belisarius was promoted to General – possibly less than 25 years of age. In light of her common origins with the Empress, did Antonina’s marriage to Belisarius expedite his promotion?

When that promotion came to the young soldier, from the Latin-speaking areas of the Western Balkans, was Procopius assigned to him because he couldn’t speak Greek? Why else would he need a secretary in the Greek speaking East? No other Byzantine General of the time had a Procopius. What if Antonina, whose son from a previous marriage, Photius, had a Greek name could speak Greek? Would Procopius’ services be needed so close to the General?

Belisarius respected his wife’s word. He took her on campaign with him where she performed tasks for him including assuring his ship had an uncontaminated water supply on the way to Africa. Alongside Procopius she was tasked with raising a fleet at Naples to ferry supplies to her husband and his soldiers locked down in a siege in Rome. Did the respect Belisarius showed her rile the misogynistic Procopius?

Procopius revels in his sordid retelling of Antonina and Theodosius’ affair, but how much of it is true?

 According to Procopius, out of spite towards the commander Constantine who warned Belisarius about his wife’s antics, she stoked Belisarius’ anger until he had Constantine killed. Procopius relates that the servant girl, Macedonia’s tongue was cut out for informing on Antonina and Theodosius and that the girl and two other servants were put to death over the incident – she had their bodies carved into little bits, bagged and thrown into the sea.

Exaggeration?

Procopius’ copious scuttlebutt

Wherever he can Procopius blackens her character. When he relates the baptism of Theodosius, he describes a youth that Belisarius lifted out of the water. Orthodox baptism happens when a child is still a baby in most cases today. The lifting out of the water invites the Orthodox faithful reading this scuttlebutt to imagine a very young boy. Apparently the boy was baptised on the eve of the voyage to Africa where the affair commenced. Was she supposed to be taken as a corrupter of innocents?

Knowing that Emperor Justinian was persecuting non-Orthodox Christians and pagans alike, and that to ensure their lives many converted, we can see that Theodosius was probably baptised at a much later age – where his size wouldn’t allow him to be lifted out of the water. Was the youth actually a young man in the thrall of an alpha female?

For Antonina to have been the reason that her husband was disrespected by his officers we have to inquire about her motives or at least about how she felt about him. Did she hate him? He loved her. Was she angry? I pose the question and delve into why.

She grew up in and around the Hippodrome as Empress Theodora did. When Belisarius quelled the Nika Riots with the massacre in the Hippodrome – did her family and friends perish – how many of them? Did Theodora arrange her marriage to Belisarius so that the palace had a well disguised spy next to their most talented general? When Theodora wanted the Pope to be assassinated was she really expecting Antonina to do the job? By doing the deed did she accomplish what Belisarius could not? Did Belisarius inhibit Antonina’s ambition by refusing to take the throne in Carthage, Italy or Constantinople when there were openings for him to do so? Was Belisarius’ religious piety too much for her more sensual nature?

Belisarius refusing the crown of Italy from the Goths – woodcut- public domain

I’ve set Antonina’s monologue at that point in time where Belisarius has returned from conquering Italy; the plague has not reached Asia Minor where Belisarius has been reassigned; and Antonina has foiled a plot to oust Justinian and place Belisarius on the imperial throne in Constantinople. Having heard about his wife’s affair, Belisarius sends his stepson, Photius to spirit away Theodosius and bring Antonina to the Persian front to account for herself. It’s interested to note that after placing her under arrest and returning to Constantinople, the Empress commands Belisarius to reconcile with his wife. He does so and then goes on to fight for Justinian once more in Italy before going into early retirement. Apparently, Antonina refused to go back to the Eastern front where Belisarius had treated her so shabbily, and he would not go off to war without her.

Antonina’s monologue, The General and the Showgirl can be read here.

5 or 6 Short Romances ?

Finally finished all 5 short historical romances – romance more in a medieval sense of the word than a HEA- modern sense. I plan to attempt a fusion of history snd romance in a modern sense while writing the post History, Biography, Hagiography, Fiction so I thought I’d post a more visible index to them here. I didn’t achieve a HEA in the majority, so I guess they are more modern historicals even though some are medieval romances.

While they are more short historic fictions with a heightened emphasis on romantic themes than true romances, 3 and 4 are closest to a modern understanding of the word romance.

St Kassiani, Belisarius refusing the crown of Italy, Mosaic from San Vitale in Ravenna of Empress Theodora, Antonina and Ioannina – the wife and daughter of Belisarius, Emperor Theophilus choosing his bride at the bride show, Christ blessing the union of Romanus Diogenes and Evdokia Makrembolitissa, Emperor Theophilus’ daughter secretly being given icons by the Dowager Emperess, The Earl of Oxford, a Tudor lady and James Orchard Halliwell-Phillipps.

1. WTFR – The Emperor and the Bride Show – Emperor Theophilus and Kassiani (Cassia)

2. WTFR – The General and the Showgirl – monologue by Antonina, wife of Belisarius

3. WTFR – The Courtship of Sir Thomas-Phillipps daughter a Regency Era elopement

4. WTFR – The Empress and the Prison Rat Empress Evdokia proposes

5.WTFR – The Earl and the Bed Trick – The consummation of the Earl of Oxford’s marriage

Oops! Something’s missing…

6. WTFR – Who the Governor left Behind – The Separation and Reconciliation of the loves of an Australian Colonial Governor


Photo Credits

St Kassiani’s icon, Public Domain

Belisarius Refusing the Crown of Italy

Photo Credit: Unknown author / Public domain

Image of Theodora, Antonina and court women

Edisonblus / CC BY-SA (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0)

Emperor Theophilus chooses his Bride

By Val Cameron Prinsep (1838-1904) – New York Public Library Digital Gallery, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=13605745

Photo Credit: Val Cameron Prinsep (1838-1904) / Public domain

The obverse of the Nomisma coin of Christ blessing Eudocia Makrembolitissa and Romanus IV Diogenes

Photo credit: https://clevelandart.org/art/1964.425.a / CC0

The Daughters of Theophilus being instructed by their grandmother is from the Skylitzes mss; in the public domain

Edward de Vere, Earl of Oxford is from the cover of Alan Nelson’s Monstrous Adversary

The Tudor lady is from the cover of Herbert Norris’ Tudor Costume and Fashion

James Orchard Halliwell-Phillipps is from the biography, James Orchard Halliwell-Phillipps: the Life and Times of a Shakespearean Scholar and Bookman by Marvin Spevack

Belisarius, my hero

Flavius Belisarius (505 – 565CE) is one of my favourite characters from Byzantine history. His army’s feats were legendary even in his own time. Touted as the last great Roman General, he features through most of Procopius’ books, The History of the Wars, which chronicle the military engagements of the Byzantines during the reign of Emperor Justinian I (reign 527-565 CE) as well as possessing a special place in the opening chapter of the Secret History.

Flavius Belisarius (505-565 CE) From the mosaic in San Vitale Church, Ravenna
By Petar Milošević – Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=39974477

While Procopius sets about writing an epic tale that is inspirational, entertaining and historic, he shows only glimpses of the man. Conclusions have to be drawn by looking at Belisarius’ actions.

We can say he was:  intelligent, humane, a pacifist even in war, a loyal subject, a brave warrior, a devout Christian, a devoted husband and an incredibly forgiving man. I believe he knew that he wasn’t an administrator and that his strengths lay on the battle field. He took advice from his subordinate commanders but punished insubordination with horrible corporeal exactitude. He had volatile mood swings and had to be pacified by his wife – his soldiers preferred to engage him with through her at times. Despite his victories he didn’t inspire the full respect of his subordinate officers who tended at times to err by their ill-fated pre-emptive enthusiasm.

His humanity and tactical brilliance can be seen in the way he approached the people of Syracuse and Libya. Instead of plundering and requisitioning supplies from local farmers to feed his troops, he approached the former Romans and paid them for what his army needed. When members of his army defied orders, going out into the fields to take what they wanted, Procopius tells us he inflicted corporeal punishment of no casual sort upon them. By paying for supplies he swayed the locals to his cause. This was not the way of war, but it made it easier to take back the former Roman province when he had the locals on side.

His wily, audacious tactics gained him victory at the Battle of Dara against the Persians when he used one of their own tactics against them and didn’t even bother hiding what he was up to. In a previous battle with them, they got the better of the Romans by secretly digging a defensive ditch into which they led them to fall. Now, Belisarius in view of the Persians, also dug a ditch before the fortress of Dara, however he managed to add and alter the ends of the ditch so that when the Persians tried to sidestep it, they fell into its shoulders.

In Sicily, he had his fleet anchor in port and his men climb the masts or their own ships to rain arrows down into the walls of an adjacent fort. In Naples, he had his men penetrate the city by climbing into the aqueduct and following it into the fortress.

My favourite escapade of his happened against the Persians. It shows off his knowledge of ancient Greek propaganda, his ability to read his opponent and how far he’d go to obtain a victory without a fight.

The story can be found in Procopius’ Book 2, Chapter 21, History of the Wars.

It happened in 542CE when Belisarius was to meet the Persian secretary, Abandanes in order to pursue some kind of treaty between the two opponents. Belisarius hand-picked 6000 of his men who were tall and fiercely built and sent them to hunt at a distance from the camp. They were a visual promise of the stalwartness of the Byzantine soldiers.

He had 1000 cavalry cross the river, to patrol it, preventing any Persian from crossing to return home. He then set up a casual pavilion for himself under which he sat, unarmoured. To each side of him he spread his soldiers who were lightly dressed and armed with few pieces of hunting equipment. They were directed to casually loiter about, giving the impression that they were eager to join the hunt.

The Persians, by contrast, were camped nearby, armed and waiting.

Belisarius entertained Abandanes and laughed at Chosroes’, the Persian Emperor’s way of handling the negotiations, and in particular, his invading the Byzantine Empire before asking for a peaceful settlement of his grievances.

Abandanes was spooked, so spooked in fact that he spooked Chosroes with the tale of what he saw and how he was received. Chosroes, who was in Byzantine territory, decided to retreat back into his own. Wishing to avoid a battle and the cavalry guarding the riverbank crossings, he had his men build a bridge and left without engaging Belisarius’ men.

Had the Persians not been so spooked, Procopius tells us the Byzantine Army could not have fought his army of 100,000 with any confidence.

Belisarius and his wife Antonina take centre stage in my next short fiction, The General and the Showgirl. My piece will be a fictitious exploration of their relationship and will touch on the greatness of the General and the resourceful nature and various talents of his show girl wife.